The Answer of First Section of Introduction to Sociology Final Exam 2006-2007 (1st-4th Year)

1. Sociologically, what are the functions of marriage? (10)

a. Functions for the society
-Marriage works toward stability and social control
b. Functions for the individual
-Marriage provides deeper feelings of love and intimacy.
-Marriage provides the individual a feeling of commitment to another, the sharing of goals and emotional security.
-Marriage gives marriage partners acceptance as fully mature people.

(Sociology, The Human Science, Elbert W. Stewart, pp. 327-328)

2. What are the functions of education in the view of sociology? (10)
(Both from functionalist and conflict perspectives)

Functionalist Perspectives:
1. intended/manifest/predetermined functions:
a. socialization
b. cultural transmission
c. academic skills
d. innovation

2. unintended/latent functions:
a. child care
b. postponing job hunting

Conflict Perspectives:
1. social control
2. screening and allocation: tracking

(Introduction to Sociology, Tischler/Whitten/Hunter, pp. 409-416)

3. Mention and explain briefly the types of deviance. (15)

1. Status Violence as Deviance
If people behave not in accordance with their statuses, it will be considered as deviance.

2. Political and religious deviance
Violating the religious and political norms will be considered as deviance.

3. Mental illness as deviance
Societies defines normal and abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior due to mental illness will be considered as deviance.

4. Sexual deviance
Homosexuality and any other abnormal sexual behavior and orientation will be considered as deviance.

5. Crime as deviance
Crime is a type of deviance that violates criminal law.

(Sociology, The Human Science, Elbert W. Stewart, pp. 263-265)

4. Mention four shared elements of all religions in the world.(10)

1. ritual and prayer
2. emotion
3. belief
4. organization

(Introduction to Sociology, Tischler/Whitten/Hunter, pp. 381-384)

5. Mention three types of authority according to Max Weber and give brief explanation for each.(15)

1. legal-rational authority
power is legitimated by explicit rules and rational procedures that defines the rights and duties of the occupants of given positions.

2. traditional authority
power is legitimated by the sanctity of age-old customs.

3. charismatic authority
power is legitimated by the extraordinary superhuman or supernatural attributes people attribute to a leader.

(Sociology, The Core, James W. Vander Zanden, pp. 225-226)

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LNG
June 6, 07
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